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Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - shares	Sep. 30, 2017	Nov. 09, 2017
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2017
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Trading Symbol	LUNA
Entity Registrant Name	LUNA INNOVATIONS INC
Entity Central Index Key	0001239819
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		28,402,887

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 38,514,437	$ 12,802,458
Accounts receivable, net	8,940,405	10,269,012
Inventory	7,300,035	6,848,835
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	924,196	1,375,659
Current assets held for sale	0	5,801,629
Total current assets	55,679,073	37,097,593
Property and equipment, net	3,145,769	3,482,687
Intangible assets, net	3,264,285	3,367,217
Goodwill	502,000	502,000
Long term receivable- sale of HSOR business	4,000,000	0
Other assets	18,024	38,194
Non-current assets held for sale	0	10,509,282
Total assets	66,609,151	54,996,973
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt obligations	1,833,333	1,833,333
Current portion of capital lease obligations	49,070	52,128
Accounts payable	2,188,776	2,954,742
Accrued liabilities	9,586,554	7,913,544
Deferred revenue	897,023	837,906
Current liabilities held for sale	0	2,376,703
Total current liabilities	14,554,756	15,968,356
Long-term deferred rent	1,221,170	1,319,402
Long-term debt obligations	1,057,263	2,420,032
Long-term capital lease obligations	79,246	114,940
Non-current liabilities held for sale	0	84,555
Total liabilities	16,912,435	19,907,285
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.001, 1,321,514 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016	1,322	1,322
Common stock, par value $0.001, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 28,402,887 and 27,988,104 shares issued, 27,815,060 and 27,541,277 shares outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016	29,074	28,600
Treasury stock at cost, 587,827 and 446,827 shares at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016	(746,007)	(517,987)
Additional paid-in capital	83,204,263	82,451,958
Accumulated deficit	(32,791,936)	(46,874,205)
Total stockholders’ equity	49,696,716	35,089,688
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 66,609,151	$ 54,996,973

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)	1,321,514	1,321,514
Preferred stock, issued (in shares)	1,321,514	1,321,514
Preferred stock, outstanding (in shares)	1,321,514	1,321,514
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	28,402,887	27,988,104
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	27,815,060	27,541,277
Treasury Stock (in shares)	587,827	446,827

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Revenues:
Technology development	$ 4,590,054	$ 4,118,245	$ 13,428,428	$ 11,772,731
Products and licensing	7,052,094	7,066,908	19,593,648	18,301,631
Total revenues	11,642,148	11,185,153	33,022,076	30,074,362
Cost of revenues:
Technology development	3,491,840	3,068,360	10,045,261	8,986,312
Products and licensing	3,617,547	3,758,765	10,201,459	9,954,987
Total cost of revenues	7,109,387	6,827,125	20,246,720	18,941,299
Gross profit	4,532,761	4,358,028	12,775,356	11,133,063
Operating expense:
Selling, general and administrative	3,256,074	3,816,679	10,345,964	11,296,389
Research, development and engineering	833,811	812,050	2,581,473	2,789,801
Total operating expense	4,089,885	4,628,729	12,927,437	14,086,190
Operating income/(loss)	442,876	(270,701)	(152,081)	(2,953,127)
Other income/(expense):
Other expense	(3,389)	(231)	(4,258)	(1,904)
Interest expense	(55,099)	(71,991)	(179,860)	(237,081)
Total other expense	(58,488)	(72,222)	(184,118)	(238,985)
Income/(loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	384,388	(342,923)	(336,199)	(3,192,112)
Income tax (benefit)/expense	(130,977)	44,797	(63,350)	(173,801)
Net income/(loss) from continuing operations	515,365	(387,720)	(272,849)	(3,018,311)
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax (benefit)/expense of $(349,515), $(35,095), $(349,515), and $209,678.	145,293	(57,358)	(644,241)	342,685
Gain on sale, net of $1,508,373 of related income taxes	15,096,666	0	15,096,666	0
Net income/(loss) from discontinued operations	15,241,959	(57,358)	14,452,425	342,685
Net income/(loss)	15,757,324	(445,078)	14,179,576	(2,675,626)
Preferred stock dividend	33,699	28,941	97,331	74,731
Net income/(loss) attributable to common stockholders	$ 15,723,625	$ (474,019)	$ 14,082,245	$ (2,750,357)
Net income/(loss) per share from continuing operations:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.02	$ (0.01)	$ (0.01)	$ (0.11)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	0.02	(0.01)	(0.01)	(0.11)
Net income/(loss) per share from discontinued operations:
Basic (in dollars per share)	0.55	0.00	0.52	0.01
Diluted (in dollars per share)	0.47	0.00	0.52	0.01
Net income/(loss) per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic (in dollars per share)	0.57	(0.02)	0.51	(0.10)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.48	$ (0.02)	$ 0.51	$ (0.10)
Weighted average common shares and common equivalent shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	27,692,539	27,605,028	27,611,905	27,531,730
Diluted (in shares)	32,714,389	27,605,028	27,611,905	27,531,730

Consolidated Statements of Operations (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Income Statement [Abstract]
Allocated tax (benefit)/expense	$ (349,515)	$ (35,095)	$ (349,515)	$ 209,678
Tax effect on gain from sale of discontinued operations	$ 1,508,373	$ 0	$ 1,508,373	$ 0

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Cash flows provided by/(used in) operating activities
Net income/(loss)	$ 14,179,576	$ (2,675,626)
Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	2,241,867	2,759,877
Share-based compensation	476,428	665,354
Bad debt expense	40,753	255,522
Loss on disposal of fixed assets	3,640	0
Gain on sale of discontinued operations	(15,096,666)	0
Change in assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	2,127,794	(1,197,885)
Inventory	(2,251,236)	964,443
Other current assets	380,858	(381,632)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(1,581,608)	(1,055,060)
Deferred revenue	59,980	(120,871)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	581,386	(785,878)
Cash flows provided by/(used in) investing activities
Acquisition of property and equipment	(893,698)	(1,433,260)
Intangible property costs	(392,485)	(317,287)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	3,000	0
Proceeds from sales of discontinued operations	28,026,528	0
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities	26,743,345	(1,750,547)
Cash flows provided by/(used in) financing activities
Payments on capital lease obligations	(38,752)	(44,404)
Payments of debt obligations	(1,375,000)	(1,375,000)
Repurchase of common stock	(228,020)	(325,060)
Proceeds from the exercise of options	29,020	0
Net cash used in financing activities	(1,612,752)	(1,744,464)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	25,711,979	(4,280,889)
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period	12,802,458	17,464,040
Cash and cash equivalents—end of period	38,514,437	13,183,151
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	173,275	239,347
Cash paid for income taxes	41,131	203,305
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Dividend on preferred stock, 59,469 shares of common stock issuable for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	97,331	74,731
Capital expenditures funded by capital lease borrowings	$ 0	$ 157,246

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Parenthetical) - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]
Dividend on preferred stock, shares of common stock issuable (in shares)	59,469	59,469

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

Luna Innovations Incorporated (“we,” “Luna Innovations” or the “Company”), headquartered in Roanoke, Virginia, was incorporated in the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1990 and reincorporated in the State of Delaware in April 2003. We are a leader in advanced optical technology, providing unique capabilities in high performance fiber optic test products for the telecommunications industry, distributed fiber optic sensing for the aerospace and automotive industries, and custom optoelectronic components and subsystems. We are organized into two reportable segments, which work closely together to turn ideas into products: our Technology Development segment and our Products and Licensing segment. Our business model is designed to accelerate the process of bringing new and innovative technologies to market. We have a history of net losses from operations beginning in 2005. We have historically managed our liquidity through cost reduction initiatives, debt financings, capital markets transactions and the sale of assets.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United Stated of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial statements and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. The unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and in the opinion of management reflect all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring accruals considered necessary to present fairly our financial position at September 30, 2017, results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017.

The consolidated interim financial statements, including our significant accounting policies, should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2016, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 20, 2017.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between marketplace participants. Various valuation approaches can be used to determine fair value, each requiring different valuation inputs. The following hierarchy classifies the inputs used to determine fair value into three levels:


•	Level 1—Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets


•	Level 2—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets


•	Level 3—Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of our debt approximates fair value, as we consider the floating interest rate on our credit facilities with Silicon Valley Bank ("SVB") to be at market for similar instruments. Certain non-financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with U.S. GAAP. This includes items such as non-financial assets and liabilities initially measured at fair value in a business combination and non-financial long-lived asset groups measured at fair value for an impairment assessment. In general, non-financial assets including intangible assets and property and equipment are measured at fair value when there is an indication of impairment and are recorded at fair value only when any impairment is recognized.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic per share data is computed by dividing our net loss by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted per share data is computed by dividing net income, if applicable, by the weighted average shares outstanding during the period increased to include, if dilutive, the number of additional common share equivalents that would have been outstanding if potential shares of common stock had been issued using the treasury stock method. Diluted per share data would also include the potential common share equivalents relating to convertible securities by application of the if-converted method.

The effect of 5.0 million common stock equivalents (which include outstanding warrants, preferred stock and stock options) are included for the diluted per share data for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The effect of 5.6 million common stock equivalents are not included for the three months ended September 30, 2016 as they are anti-dilutive to earnings per share due to our net loss from continuing operations. The effect of 4.9 million and 5.7 million common stock equivalents are not included for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, as they are considered anti-dilutive to earnings per share due to our net loss from continuing operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Effective January 1, 2017, we adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. These amendments apply to several aspects of accounting for share-based compensation including the recognition of excess tax benefits and deficiencies and their related presentation in the statement of cash flows as well as accounting for forfeitures. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 did not have a significant impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Effective January 1, 2017, we adopted ASU No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which simplifies the presentation of deferred taxes by requiring that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent in any classified balance sheet rather than being separated into current and non-current amounts. The adoption of ASU No. 2015-17 did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This update simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill. The guidance removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The accounting standard will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. We do not expect ASU 2017-04 will have a material impact on our financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), which addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice in how cash receipts and cash payments are presented in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. We do not expect ASU 2016-15 will have a material impact on our financial statements.

In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Revenue from contracts with customers: Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, to clarify certain aspects of the existing standard specific to how an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. Certain other ASUs have been issued specific to Topic 606 and our disclosure below includes our assessment of all ASUs specific to Topic 606 in the aggregate. In accordance with this update, we will adopt the requirements of the new standard effective January 1, 2018.

We are finalizing our assessment of the financial impact of Topic 606. To date we have reached the following conclusions specific to the impact of Topic 606. Contracts in our Technology Development segment primarily provide research services. We have concluded that revenue specific to this segment will not be materially impacted upon the adoption of Topic 606 as revenue will continue to be recognized over time using an input model. Contracts in our Products and Licensing segment generally provide for the following revenue sources: standard product sales, custom product development and sales, product rental, extended warranties, training/service, and certain royalties. We expect revenue for this segment to be recognized using either “point in time” or “over time” based on the revenue source. Based on our analysis to date we expect the pattern of recognition of the customized products to potentially change from “point in time” to “over time” upon the adoption of Topic 606. Our revenue recognized specific to customized products approximates $10 million annually. This change will result in the acceleration of revenue when compared to existing standards with the cumulative adjustment relating to contracts that are not complete as of December 31, 2017 recognized as an adjustment to opening retained earnings on January 1, 2018. We are continuing to assess the impact of this potential change, or other changes which may be subsequently identified, on our financial statements and current processes and controls. We intend to adopt the standard using the modified retrospective transition method. Under the modified retrospective approach, the new standard will, for the period beginning January 1, 2018, apply to net contracts and those that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. For those contracts not completed as of January 1, 2018, this method will result in a cumulative catch-up adjustment to retained earnings. Prior periods will not be retrospectively adjusted, but we will maintain dual reporting for the year of initial application in order to disclose the effect on revenue of adopting the new guidance.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which requires a lessee to recognize in its statement of financial position an asset and liability for most leases with a term greater than 12 months. Lessees should recognize a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing the lessee's right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The amendment is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Discontinued Operations

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Discontinued Operations

On August 9, 2017, we completed the sale of our high speed optical receivers ("HSOR") business, which was part of our Products and Licensing segment, to an unaffiliated third party for an initial purchase price of $33.5 million, of which $29.5 million in cash has been received, and $4.0 million was placed into escrow until December 15, 2018 for possible working capital adjustments to the purchase price and potential satisfaction of certain post-closing indemnification obligations (the "Transaction"). The purchase price is subject to adjustment in the future based upon a determination of final working capital, as defined in the asset purchase agreement. The HSOR business was a component of the operations of Advanced Photonix, Inc., which we acquired in May 2015. As part of the Transaction, the buyer also hired approximately 49 of our employees who were engaged in the development, manufacture, and sale of HSOR products in addition to certain corporate administrative functions. The buyer will provide certain transition services to us with respect to infrastructure and administration for which we will pay $0.3 million per month for a period of five months, for a total of $1.5 million, following the date of the Transaction. We have recorded this obligation as a reduction of the value of the purchase price. In assessing the fair value of the services expected to be received by us versus those we expect to deliver to the buyer, we concluded that the transition service payments were more closely aligned with the fair value of the assets sold versus the services received and thus should be part of the consideration reconciliation versus operating activities. As of September 30, 2017, $0.6 million has been paid to the buyer and the remaining $0.9 million is included in accrued liabilities at September 30, 2017. Our HSOR business accounted for 8.2% of revenues and 10.1% of our cost of revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2017, and 16.1% of revenues and 18.5% of our costs of revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

We have reported the results of operations of our HSOR business as discontinued operations in our consolidated financial statements. We allocated a portion of the consolidated tax (benefit)/expense to discontinued operations based on the ratio of the discontinued business's loss/(income) before allocations.

The following table presents a summary of the transactions related to the sale.



	September 30, 2017
	(unaudited)
Sale price	$	33,500,000
Less: transition services payments	(1,500,000		)
Adjusted purchase price	32,000,000

Assets held for sale	(16,851,540		)
Liabilities held for sale	2,330,052
Transaction costs	(873,473		)
Income tax expense	(1,508,373		)
Gain on sale of discontinued operations	$	15,096,666

Assets and liabilities held for sale as of December 31, 2016 were as follows:



	December 31, 2016

Assets
Current assets:
Accounts receivable, net	$	4,028,713
Inventory	1,521,400
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	251,516
Total current assets	5,801,629
Property and equipment, net	3,298,151
Intangible assets, net	5,314,046
Goodwill	1,846,331
Other assets	50,754
Total non-current assets	10,509,282
Total assets held for sale	$	16,310,911
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,511,450
Accrued liabilities	753,556
Deferred revenue	111,697
Total current liabilities	2,376,703
Long-term deferred rent	84,555
Total non-current liabilities	84,555
Total liabilities held for sale	$	2,461,258

The key components of income from discontinued operations were as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
	(unaudited)						(unaudited)
Net revenues	$	1,041,310		$	3,433,767		$	6,356,237		$	13,178,475
Cost of revenues	797,678			2,182,495			4,599,042			8,687,783
Operating expenses	447,854			1,342,117			2,750,951			3,901,685
Other expenses	—			(1,608		)	—			(36,644		)
(Loss)/income before income taxes	(204,222		)	(92,453		)	(993,756		)	552,363
Allocated tax (benefit)/expense	(349,515		)	(35,095		)	(349,515		)	209,678
Operating income/(loss) from discontinued operations	145,293			(57,358		)	(644,241		)	342,685
Gain on sale, net of related income taxes	15,096,666			—			15,096,666			—
Net income/(loss) from discontinued operations	$	15,241,959		$	(57,358	)	$	14,452,425		$	342,685

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, cash flows (used in)/provided by operating activities for discontinued operations were $(0.8) million and $0.2 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, cash flows provided by/(used in) investing activities for discontinued operations were $27.1 million and $(1.4) million, respectively.

Inventory

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventory

Inventory consists of finished goods, work-in-process and raw materials valued at the lower of cost (determined on the first-in, first-out basis) or market. We write down inventory for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventory in an amount equal to the difference between the cost of the inventory and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions.

Components of inventory were as follows:



	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
	(unaudited)
Finished goods	$	2,234,828	$	1,952,885
Work-in-process	844,083		714,867
Raw materials	4,221,124		4,181,083
Total inventory	$	7,300,035	$	6,848,835

Accrued Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following:



	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
	(unaudited)
Accrued compensation	$	4,377,850	$	4,742,760
Income tax payable	1,027,687		—
Claims reserve	1,727,123		1,577,123
Transition services	900,000		—
Accrued sub-contracts	581,544		483,477
Accrued professional fees	70,308		67,719
Deferred rent	141,500		155,138
Royalties	263,625		345,895
Warranty reserve	212,849		185,125
Accrued liabilities - other	284,068		356,307
Total accrued liabilities	$	9,586,554	$	7,913,544

Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Silicon Valley Bank Facility

We currently have a Loan and Security Agreement with SVB (the "Credit Facility") under which, as amended on May 8, 2015, we have a term loan with an original borrowing amount of $6.0 million (the “Original Term Loan”). The Original Term Loan is repayable in 48 monthly installments of $125,000, plus accrued interest payable monthly in arrears, and unless earlier terminated, is scheduled to mature in May 2020. The Original Term Loan carries a floating annual interest rate equal to SVB’s prime rate then in effect plus 2%. We may prepay amounts due under the Original Term Loan at any time, subject to an early termination fee of up to 2% of the amount of prepayment.

In September 2015, we entered into the Waiver and Seventh Loan Modification Agreement, which provided an additional $1 million of available financing for purchases of equipment through December 31, 2015, which we fully borrowed in December 2015 (the "Second Term Loan" and, together with the Original Term Loan, the "Term Loans"). The Second Term Loan also bears interest at a floating prime rate plus 2% and is to be repaid in 35 monthly installments of $27,778 plus accrued interest.

The Credit Facility requires us to maintain a minimum cash balance of $4.0 million and to maintain at each month end a ratio of cash plus 60% of accounts receivable greater than or equal to 1.5 times the outstanding principal of the Term Loans. The Credit Facility also requires us to observe a number of additional operational covenants, including protection and registration of intellectual property rights, and certain customary negative covenants. As of September 30, 2017, we were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Facility.

Amounts due under the Credit Facility are secured by substantially all of our assets, including intellectual property, personal property and bank accounts. In addition, the Credit Facility contains customary events of default, including nonpayment of principal, interest or other amounts, violation of covenants, material adverse change, an event of default under any subordinated debt documents, incorrectness of representations and warranties in any material respect, bankruptcy, judgments in excess of a threshold amount, and violations of other agreements in excess of a threshold amount. If any event of default occurs SVB may declare due immediately all borrowings under the Credit Facility and foreclose on the collateral. Furthermore, an event of default under the Credit Facility would result in an increase in the interest rate on any amounts outstanding. As of September 30, 2017, there were no events of default on the Credit Facility.

The aggregate balance under the Term Loans at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, was $2.9 million and $4.3 million, respectively. The effective rate of our Term Loan at September 30, 2017 was 6.25%.

The following table presents a summary of debt outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:



	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
	(unaudited)
Silicon Valley Bank Term Loan	$	2,916,666	$	4,291,666
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	26,070		38,301
Less: current portion	1,833,333		1,833,333
Total long-term debt	$	1,057,263	$	2,420,032

The schedule of remaining principal payments under our Term Loans as of September 30, 2017 was as follows:



2017	$	458,333
2018	1,833,333
2019	625,000
	$	2,916,666

Capital Stock and Share-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Equity [Abstract]

Capital Stock and Share-Based Compensation

We recognize share-based compensation expense based upon the fair value of the underlying equity award on the date of the grant. For restricted stock awards and restricted stock units, we recognize expense based upon the price of our underlying stock at the date of the grant. We have elected to use the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model to value any option or warrant awards granted. We recognize share-based compensation for such awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury interest rates, the terms of which are consistent with the expected life of the stock options. The expected life and estimated post-employment termination behavior is based upon historical experience of homogeneous groups within our company. We also assume an expected dividend yield of zero for all periods, as we have never paid a dividend on our common stock and do not have any plans to do so in the future.

A summary of the stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is presented below:



	Options Outstanding							Options Exercisable
	Number of Shares		Price per Share Range	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1)		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1)
Balance, January 1, 2017	2,857,114		$0.61 - $6.83	$	1.89	$	107,063	2,367,630	$	1.93	$	101,071
Granted	80,000		$1.51 - $1.54	$	1.53
Exercised	(31,953	)	$0.82 - $1.38	$	0.95
Canceled	(170,590	)	$1.40 - $6.83	$	2.27
Balance, September 30, 2017	2,734,571		$0.61 - $6.55	$	1.87	$	585,292	2,619,914	$	1.88	$	555,926


(1)	The intrinsic value of an option represents the amount by which the market value of the stock exceeds the exercise price of the option of in-the-money options only. The aggregate intrinsic value is based on the closing price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market, as applicable, on the respective dates.

At September 30, 2017, the outstanding stock options to purchase an aggregate of 2.7 million shares had a weighted-average remaining contractual term of 4.4 years, and the exercisable stock options to purchase an aggregate of 2.6 million shares had a weighted-average remaining contractual term of 4.3 years.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 we recognized $0.5 million and $0.7 million in share-based compensation expense, respectively, which is included in our selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. We expect to recognize $0.1 million in share-based compensation expense over the weighted-average remaining service period of 1.8 years for stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2017.

The following table summarizes the value of our unvested restricted stock awards:



	Number of Unvested Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Value of Unvested Shares
Balance, January 1, 2017	829,998		$	1.19	$	988,763
Granted	428,865		$	1.54	660,752
Vested	(442,498	)	$	1.20	(531,853		)
Repurchased	—		$	—	—
Forfeitures	(51,667	)	$	1.14	(58,917		)
Balance, September 30, 2017	764,698		$	1.38	$	1,058,745

Restricted Stock Units

We issue restricted stock units ("RSUs"), to our non-employee directors for service on our board of directors. Under our non-employee director compensation policy, continuing non-employee directors receive an annual RSU grant at the time of our annual meeting of stockholders, which grant vests on the earlier of the one year anniversary of the grant or the following annual meeting of stockholders. Under our non-employee director deferred compensation plan, as amended (the "NEDCP") non-employee directors may also elect to receive their annual cash retainers for board and committee service in RSUs which are issued quarterly and vest immediately upon their issuance, subject to deferred settlement in accordance with the NEDCP.

The following is a summary of our RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017:



	Number of RSUs			Intrinsic Value
	Issued	Unvested	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share	Outstanding		Unvested
Balance, January 1, 2017	393,012	—	$1.37	$	577,728	$	—
Granted	55,748	—	$1.57
Vested	—	—	$0.00
Forfeitures	—	—	$0.00
Converted	—	—	$0.00
Balance, September 30, 2017	448,760	—	$1.39	$	758,404	$	—

The following details our equity transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2017:



	Preferred Stock		Common Stock				Treasury Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital
	Shares	$	Shares		$		Shares	$		$
Balance, January 1, 2017	1,321,514	1,322	27,541,277		28,600		446,827	(517,987	)	82,451,958
Exercise of stock options	—	—	31,953		32		—	—		819
Share-based compensation	—	—	299,000		299		—	—		476,128
Non-cash compensation	—	—	135,497		136		—	—		178,035
Stock dividends to Carilion Clinic⁽¹⁾	—	—	—		59		—	—		97,271
Forfeitures of restricted stock grants	—	—	(51,667	)	(52	)	—	—		—
Repurchase of common stock	—	—	(141,000	)	—		141,000	(228,020	)	52
Balance, September 30, 2017	1,321,514	1,322	27,815,060		29,074		587,827	(746,007	)	83,204,263

(1)

The stock dividends payable in connection with Carilion Clinic’s Series A Preferred Stock will be issued subsequent to September 30, 2017. For the period from January 12, 2010, the original issue date of the Series A Preferred Stock, through September 30, 2017, the Series A Preferred Stock issued to Carilion has accrued $1,110,773 in dividends. The accrued and unpaid dividends as of September 30, 2017 will be paid by the issuance of 611,870 shares of our common stock upon Carilion’s written request.

Stock Repurchase Program

In May 2016, our board of directors authorized us to repurchase up to $2.0 million of our common stock through May 31, 2017. As of May 31, 2017, we had repurchased a total of 205,500 shares for an aggregate purchase price of $0.2 million under this stock repurchase program, after which this stock repurchase program expired.

In September 2017, our board of directors re-instituted the stock repurchase program and authorized us to repurchase up to $2.0 million of our common stock through September 19, 2018. Our stock repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares. Under the program, shares may be repurchased in privately negotiated or open market transactions, including under plans complying with Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. As of September 30, 2017, we had repurchased a total of 50,100 shares for an aggregate purchase price of $0.1 million under this stock repurchase program. We currently maintain all repurchased shares under these stock repurchase programs as treasury stock.

Operating Segments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Operating Segments

Our operations are divided into two operating segments—“Technology Development” and “Products and Licensing”.

The Technology Development segment provides applied research to customers in our areas of focus. Our engineers and scientists collaborate with our network of government, academic and industry experts to identify technologies and ideas with promising market potential. We then compete to win fee-for-service contracts from government agencies and industrial customers who seek innovative solutions to practical problems that require new technology. The Technology Development segment derives its revenues primarily from services.

The Products and Licensing segment derives its revenues from product sales, funded product development and technology licenses.

Through September 30, 2017, our Chief Executive Officer and his direct reports collectively represented our chief operating decision makers, and they evaluated segment performance based primarily on revenues and operating income or loss. The accounting policies of our segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies (see Note 1 to our Financial Statements, “Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on March 20, 2017).

The table below presents revenues and operating income/(loss) for reportable segments:



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016			2017			2016
	(unaudited)					(unaudited)
Revenues:
Technology development	$	4,590,054	$	4,118,245		$	13,428,428		$	11,772,731
Products and licensing	7,052,094		7,066,908			19,593,648			18,301,631
Total revenues	$	11,642,148	$	11,185,153		$	33,022,076		$	30,074,362
Technology development operating income/(loss)	$	182,776	$	139,134		$	(77,323	)	$	(253,833	)
Products and licensing operating income/(loss)	260,100		(409,835		)	(74,758		)	(2,699,294		)
Total operating income/(loss)	$	442,876	$	(270,701	)	$	(152,081	)	$	(2,953,127	)
Depreciation, technology development	$	87,389	$	87,884		$	267,282		$	264,549
Depreciation, products and licensing	$	117,219	$	300,530		$	688,700		$	827,661
Amortization, technology development	$	28,935	$	23,651		$	95,540		$	141,490
Amortization, products and licensing	$	247,522	$	486,209		$	1,178,113		$	1,526,177

Products and licensing depreciation includes amounts from discontinued operations of $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Products and licensing amortization includes amounts from discontinued operations of $0.1 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Products and licensing depreciation includes amounts from discontinued operations of $0.4 million and $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Products and licensing amortization includes amounts from discontinued operations of $0.9 million and $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The table below presents assets for reportable segments:



	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
	(unaudited)
Total segment assets:
Technology development	$	30,738,481	$	16,923,090
Products and licensing	35,870,670		38,073,883
Total assets	$	66,609,151	$	54,996,973
Property plant and equipment, and intangible assets, technology development	$	2,427,556	$	2,602,803
Property plant and equipment, and intangible assets, products and licensing	$	4,484,498	$	4,749,144

There are no material inter-segment revenues for any period presented. Total assets for September 30, 2017 include proceeds from the sale of HSOR in the amount of $33.5 million (which includes a long term receivable of $4.0 million) allocated evenly between the two segments. For December 31, 2016, the products and licensing segment assets include assets held for sale in the amount of $16.3 million. Property plant and equipment, and intangible assets excludes HSOR amounts for September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

The U.S. government accounted for 45% and 39% of total consolidated revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and for 45% and 42% of total consolidated revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

International revenues (customers outside the United States) accounted for 19% and 15% of total consolidated revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and 20% and 18% of the total consolidated revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. No single country, outside of the United States, represented more than 10% of total revenues in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

Contingencies and Guarantees	9 Months Ended
Contingencies and Guarantees	Sep. 30, 2017
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Contingencies and Guarantees	Contingencies and Guarantees We are from time to time involved in certain legal proceedings in the ordinary course of conducting our business. While the ultimate liability pursuant to these actions cannot currently be determined, we believe it is not reasonably possible that these legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. In September 2014, we received a preliminary audit report from the Defense Contract Audit Agency (the "DCAA"), with respect to our 2007 incurred cost submission and questioning $0.8 million of claimed costs that the DCAA believes are expressly unallowable under the Federal Acquisition Regulations and, therefore, subject to potential penalty. In June 2015, we received from the Defense Contract Management Agency ("DCMA") a final determination and demand for payment of penalties, interest, and over billing in the aggregate amount of $1.1 million. In July 2015, we filed an appeal with the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals ("ABSCA"). In January 2017, a hearing was held before the ASBCA. No ruling has yet been issued with respect to our appeal. In April 2017, we made a settlement offer of $150,000 to the DCMA, and we have accrued that amount in our financial statements as of September 30, 2017. The DCMA notified us in May 2017 that it has declined our settlement offer. The appeals process remains ongoing. In the third quarter of 2016 we executed two non-cancelable purchase orders totaling $1.4 million for multiple shipments of tunable lasers to be delivered over an 18-month period. At September 30, 2017, approximately $0.3 million of this commitment remained and is expected to be delivered by February 28, 2018. We have entered into indemnification agreements with our officers and directors, to the extent permitted by law, pursuant to which we have agreed to reimburse the officers and directors for legal expenses in the event of litigation and regulatory matters. The terms of these indemnification agreements provide for no limitation to the maximum potential future payments. We have a directors and officers insurance policy that may, in certain instances, mitigate the potential liability and payments.

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Nature of Operations

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

Fair Value Measurements


•	Level 1—Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets


•	Level 2—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets


•	Level 3—Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable

Net Loss Per Share

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Discontinued Operations (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Components of Income from Discontinued Operations

Assets and liabilities held for sale as of December 31, 2016 were as follows:



	December 31, 2016

Assets
Current assets:
Accounts receivable, net	$	4,028,713
Inventory	1,521,400
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	251,516
Total current assets	5,801,629
Property and equipment, net	3,298,151
Intangible assets, net	5,314,046
Goodwill	1,846,331
Other assets	50,754
Total non-current assets	10,509,282
Total assets held for sale	$	16,310,911
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,511,450
Accrued liabilities	753,556
Deferred revenue	111,697
Total current liabilities	2,376,703
Long-term deferred rent	84,555
Total non-current liabilities	84,555
Total liabilities held for sale	$	2,461,258

The key components of income from discontinued operations were as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
	(unaudited)						(unaudited)
Net revenues	$	1,041,310		$	3,433,767		$	6,356,237		$	13,178,475
Cost of revenues	797,678			2,182,495			4,599,042			8,687,783
Operating expenses	447,854			1,342,117			2,750,951			3,901,685
Other expenses	—			(1,608		)	—			(36,644		)
(Loss)/income before income taxes	(204,222		)	(92,453		)	(993,756		)	552,363
Allocated tax (benefit)/expense	(349,515		)	(35,095		)	(349,515		)	209,678
Operating income/(loss) from discontinued operations	145,293			(57,358		)	(644,241		)	342,685
Gain on sale, net of related income taxes	15,096,666			—			15,096,666			—
Net income/(loss) from discontinued operations	$	15,241,959		$	(57,358	)	$	14,452,425		$	342,685

The following table presents a summary of the transactions related to the sale.



	September 30, 2017
	(unaudited)
Sale price	$	33,500,000
Less: transition services payments	(1,500,000		)
Adjusted purchase price	32,000,000

Assets held for sale	(16,851,540		)
Liabilities held for sale	2,330,052
Transaction costs	(873,473		)
Income tax expense	(1,508,373		)
Gain on sale of discontinued operations	$	15,096,666

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of information related to a disposal group. Includes, but is not limited to, a discontinued operation, disposal classified as held-for-sale or disposed of by means other than sale or disposal of an individually significant component.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 205
-SubTopic 20
-Section 45
-Paragraph 11
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65878427&loc=SL51721533-107759

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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 205
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-Section 50
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64827811&loc=SL51721665-107760

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
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-Topic 205
-SubTopic 20
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84176398&loc=SL51724579-110230

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-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64827811&loc=SL51721663-107760

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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 205
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64827811&loc=SL51721673-107760

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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64827811&loc=SL51721677-107760

+ Details

Inventory (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Inventory

Components of inventory were as follows:



	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
	(unaudited)
Finished goods	$	2,234,828	$	1,952,885
Work-in-process	844,083		714,867
Raw materials	4,221,124		4,181,083
Total inventory	$	7,300,035	$	6,848,835

Accrued Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following:



	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
	(unaudited)
Accrued compensation	$	4,377,850	$	4,742,760
Income tax payable	1,027,687		—
Claims reserve	1,727,123		1,577,123
Transition services	900,000		—
Accrued sub-contracts	581,544		483,477
Accrued professional fees	70,308		67,719
Deferred rent	141,500		155,138
Royalties	263,625		345,895
Warranty reserve	212,849		185,125
Accrued liabilities - other	284,068		356,307
Total accrued liabilities	$	9,586,554	$	7,913,544

Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Debt Outstanding

The following table presents a summary of debt outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:



	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
	(unaudited)
Silicon Valley Bank Term Loan	$	2,916,666	$	4,291,666
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	26,070		38,301
Less: current portion	1,833,333		1,833,333
Total long-term debt	$	1,057,263	$	2,420,032

Schedule of Remaining Principal Payments Under the Term Loan

The schedule of remaining principal payments under our Term Loans as of September 30, 2017 was as follows:



2017	$	458,333
2018	1,833,333
2019	625,000
	$	2,916,666

Capital Stock and Share-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Equity [Abstract]

Summary of Stock Option Activity

A summary of the stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is presented below:



	Options Outstanding							Options Exercisable
	Number of Shares		Price per Share Range	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1)		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1)
Balance, January 1, 2017	2,857,114		$0.61 - $6.83	$	1.89	$	107,063	2,367,630	$	1.93	$	101,071
Granted	80,000		$1.51 - $1.54	$	1.53
Exercised	(31,953	)	$0.82 - $1.38	$	0.95
Canceled	(170,590	)	$1.40 - $6.83	$	2.27
Balance, September 30, 2017	2,734,571		$0.61 - $6.55	$	1.87	$	585,292	2,619,914	$	1.88	$	555,926


(1)	The intrinsic value of an option represents the amount by which the market value of the stock exceeds the exercise price of the option of in-the-money options only. The aggregate intrinsic value is based on the closing price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market, as applicable, on the respective dates.

Summary of Restricted Stock Awards and Units

The following table summarizes the value of our unvested restricted stock awards:



	Number of Unvested Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Value of Unvested Shares
Balance, January 1, 2017	829,998		$	1.19	$	988,763
Granted	428,865		$	1.54	660,752
Vested	(442,498	)	$	1.20	(531,853		)
Repurchased	—		$	—	—
Forfeitures	(51,667	)	$	1.14	(58,917		)
Balance, September 30, 2017	764,698		$	1.38	$	1,058,745

The following is a summary of our RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017:



	Number of RSUs			Intrinsic Value
	Issued	Unvested	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share	Outstanding		Unvested
Balance, January 1, 2017	393,012	—	$1.37	$	577,728	$	—
Granted	55,748	—	$1.57
Vested	—	—	$0.00
Forfeitures	—	—	$0.00
Converted	—	—	$0.00
Balance, September 30, 2017	448,760	—	$1.39	$	758,404	$	—

Details of Equity Transactions

The following details our equity transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2017:



	Preferred Stock		Common Stock				Treasury Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital
	Shares	$	Shares		$		Shares	$		$
Balance, January 1, 2017	1,321,514	1,322	27,541,277		28,600		446,827	(517,987	)	82,451,958
Exercise of stock options	—	—	31,953		32		—	—		819
Share-based compensation	—	—	299,000		299		—	—		476,128
Non-cash compensation	—	—	135,497		136		—	—		178,035
Stock dividends to Carilion Clinic⁽¹⁾	—	—	—		59		—	—		97,271
Forfeitures of restricted stock grants	—	—	(51,667	)	(52	)	—	—		—
Repurchase of common stock	—	—	(141,000	)	—		141,000	(228,020	)	52
Balance, September 30, 2017	1,321,514	1,322	27,815,060		29,074		587,827	(746,007	)	83,204,263

(1)

Operating Segments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Revenues, Operating Income (Loss) and Assets for Reportable Segments

The table below presents revenues and operating income/(loss) for reportable segments:



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016			2017			2016
	(unaudited)					(unaudited)
Revenues:
Technology development	$	4,590,054	$	4,118,245		$	13,428,428		$	11,772,731
Products and licensing	7,052,094		7,066,908			19,593,648			18,301,631
Total revenues	$	11,642,148	$	11,185,153		$	33,022,076		$	30,074,362
Technology development operating income/(loss)	$	182,776	$	139,134		$	(77,323	)	$	(253,833	)
Products and licensing operating income/(loss)	260,100		(409,835		)	(74,758		)	(2,699,294		)
Total operating income/(loss)	$	442,876	$	(270,701	)	$	(152,081	)	$	(2,953,127	)
Depreciation, technology development	$	87,389	$	87,884		$	267,282		$	264,549
Depreciation, products and licensing	$	117,219	$	300,530		$	688,700		$	827,661
Amortization, technology development	$	28,935	$	23,651		$	95,540		$	141,490
Amortization, products and licensing	$	247,522	$	486,209		$	1,178,113		$	1,526,177

The table below presents assets for reportable segments:



	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
	(unaudited)
Total segment assets:
Technology development	$	30,738,481	$	16,923,090
Products and licensing	35,870,670		38,073,883
Total assets	$	66,609,151	$	54,996,973
Property plant and equipment, and intangible assets, technology development	$	2,427,556	$	2,602,803
Property plant and equipment, and intangible assets, products and licensing	$	4,484,498	$	4,749,144

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Details) shares in Millions		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($) segment shares	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($) shares
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments \| segment				2
Common stock equivalents included in diluted per share data (in shares) \| shares		5.0
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share (in shares) \| shares			5.6	4.9	5.7
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Approximate revenues \| $		$ 11,642,148	$ 11,185,153	$ 33,022,076	$ 30,074,362
Retained Earnings \| Scenario, Forecast \| Accounting Standards Update 2016-10
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Approximate revenues \| $	$ 10,000,000

Discontinued Operations - Additional Information (Details)		2 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Aug. 09, 2017 USD ($) employee	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Proceeds from sales of discontinued operations				$ 28,026,528	$ 0
Transition services		$ 900,000	$ 900,000	900,000		$ 0
Cash flows provided by/(used in) operating activities for discontinued operations				(800,000)	200,000
Cash flows used in investing activities for discontinued operations				27,100,000	$ (1,400,000)
High Speed Optical Receivers Business \| Disposed of by Sale
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Initial purchase price	$ 33,500,000	33,500,000	33,500,000	33,500,000
Proceeds from sales of discontinued operations	29,500,000
Placed in escrow	$ 4,000,000
Number of employees expected to be hired by buyer \| employee	49
Transition costs, monthly payment	$ 300,000
Transition period	5 months
Total transition costs	$ 1,500,000	1,500,000	1,500,000	1,500,000
Transition costs paid		600,000
Transition services		$ 900,000	$ 900,000	$ 900,000
High Speed Optical Receivers Business \| Disposed of by Sale \| Product Concentration Risk \| Revenues
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Concentration risk			8.20%	16.10%
High Speed Optical Receivers Business \| Disposed of by Sale \| Product Concentration Risk \| Cost of Revenues
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Concentration risk			10.10%	18.50%

Discontinued Operations - Summary of Transactions Related to Sale (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Aug. 09, 2017
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Income tax expense		$ (1,508,373)	$ 0	$ (1,508,373)	$ 0
Gain on sale, net of related income taxes		15,096,666	$ 0	15,096,666	$ 0
High Speed Optical Receivers Business \| Disposed of by Sale
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Sale price	$ 33,500,000	33,500,000		33,500,000		$ 33,500,000
Less: transition services payments	(1,500,000)	(1,500,000)		(1,500,000)		$ (1,500,000)
Adjusted purchase price	32,000,000	$ 32,000,000		$ 32,000,000
Assets held for sale	(16,851,540)
Liabilities held for sale	2,330,052
Transaction costs	(873,473)
Income tax expense	(1,508,373)
Gain on sale, net of related income taxes	$ 15,096,666

Discontinued Operations - Assets and Liabilities Held For Sale (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Total current assets	$ 0	$ 5,801,629
Total non-current assets	0	10,509,282
Current liabilities:
Total current liabilities	0	2,376,703
Total non-current liabilities	$ 0	84,555
Held for Sale
Current assets:
Accounts receivable, net		4,028,713
Inventory		1,521,400
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		251,516
Total current assets		5,801,629
Property and equipment, net		3,298,151
Intangible assets, net		5,314,046
Goodwill		1,846,331
Other assets		50,754
Total non-current assets		10,509,282
Total assets held for sale		16,310,911
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable		1,511,450
Accrued liabilities		753,556
Deferred revenue		111,697
Total current liabilities		2,376,703
Long-term deferred rent		84,555
Total non-current liabilities		84,555
Total liabilities held for sale		$ 2,461,258

Discontinued Operations - Components of Income from Discontinued Operations (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]
Net revenues	$ 1,041,310	$ 3,433,767	$ 6,356,237	$ 13,178,475
Cost of revenues	797,678	2,182,495	4,599,042	8,687,783
Operating expenses	447,854	1,342,117	2,750,951	3,901,685
Other expenses	0	(1,608)	0	(36,644)
(Loss)/income before income taxes	(204,222)	(92,453)	(993,756)	552,363
Allocated tax (benefit)/expense	(349,515)	(35,095)	(349,515)	209,678
Operating income/(loss) from discontinued operations	145,293	(57,358)	(644,241)	342,685
Gain on sale, net of related income taxes	15,096,666	0	15,096,666	0
Net income/(loss) from discontinued operations	$ 15,241,959	$ (57,358)	$ 14,452,425	$ 342,685

Inventory (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Finished goods	$ 2,234,828	$ 1,952,885
Work-in-process	844,083	714,867
Raw materials	4,221,124	4,181,083
Total inventory	$ 7,300,035	$ 6,848,835

Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued compensation	$ 4,377,850	$ 4,742,760
Income tax payable	1,027,687	0
Claims reserve	1,727,123	1,577,123
Transition services	900,000	0
Accrued sub-contracts	581,544	483,477
Accrued professional fees	70,308	67,719
Deferred rent	141,500	155,138
Royalties	263,625	345,895
Warranty reserve	212,849	185,125
Accrued liabilities - other	284,068	356,307
Total accrued liabilities	$ 9,586,554	$ 7,913,544

Debt - Additional Information (Details)		1 Months Ended
Debt - Additional Information (Details)	May 08, 2015 USD ($) installment	Sep. 30, 2015 USD ($) installment	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate term loan balance			$ 2,916,666	$ 4,291,666
Term Loan \| Silicon Valley Bank
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt, face amount	$ 6,000,000.0
Debt, number of monthly payment \| installment	48
Early termination fee	2.00%
Effective interest rate			6.25%
Term Loan \| Silicon Valley Bank \| Prime Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt, additional interest above prime rate	2.00%
Term Loan \| Silicon Valley Bank \| Sixth Loan Modification Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt, monthly principal payments	$ 125,000
Term Loan \| Silicon Valley Bank \| Seventh Loan Modification Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt, face amount		$ 1,000,000
Debt, number of monthly payment \| installment		35
Debt, monthly principal payments		$ 27,778
Debt, additional interest above prime rate		2.00%
Minimum cash balance		$ 4,000,000
Liquidity covenant component, accounts receivable percentage		60.00%
Liquidity covenant component, outstanding principal loan balance multiplier		1.5

Debt - Summary of Debt Outstanding (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Silicon Valley Bank Term Loan	$ 2,916,666	$ 4,291,666
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	26,070	38,301
Less: current portion	1,833,333	1,833,333
Long-term debt obligations	$ 1,057,263	$ 2,420,032

Debt - Remaining Principal Payments Under the Term Loan (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2017	$ 458,333
2018	1,833,333
2019	625,000
Silicon Valley Bank Term Loan	$ 2,916,666	$ 4,291,666

Capital Stock and Share-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016
Equity [Abstract]
Expected dividend yield	0.00%
Aggregate outstanding stock options (in shares)	2,734,571		2,857,114
Outstanding stock options, weighted average remaining contractual term	4 years 5 months
Exercisable stock options (in shares)	2,619,914		2,367,630
Exercisable stock options, weighted average remaining contractual term	4 years 3 months
Share-based compensation	$ 476,428	$ 665,354
Stock-based compensation expense not yet recognized	$ 100,000
Weighted average remaining service period	1 year 9 months

Capital Stock and Share-Based Compensation - Summary of Activity of Equity Incentive Plans (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Options Outstanding, Number of Shares
Beginning Balance (shares)	2,857,114
Granted (in shares)	80,000
Exercised (in shares)	(31,953)
Canceled (in shares)	(170,590)
Ending Balance (shares)	2,734,571	2,857,114
Price per Share Range
Outstanding, lower limit (in dollars per share)	$ 0.61	$ 0.61
Outstanding, upper limit (in dollars per share)	6.83	6.83
Granted, lower limit (in dollars per share)	1.51
Granted, upper limit (in dollars per share)	1.54
Exercised (in dollars per share)	0.82
Canceled, lower limit (in dollars per share)	1.40
Canceled, upper limit (in dollars per share)	3.69
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price
Beginning Balance (in dollars per share)	1.89
Granted (in dollars per share)	1.53
Exercised (in dollars per share)	0.95
Canceled (in dollars per share)	2.27
Ending Balance (in dollars per share)	$ 1.87	$ 1.89
Additional Disclosures
Options Outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 585,292	$ 107,063
Options Exercisable, Number of Shares (in shares)	2,619,914	2,367,630
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.88	$ 1.93
Options Exercisable, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 555,926	$ 101,071

Capital Stock and Share-Based Compensation - Summary of Restricted Stock Awards (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Number of Unvested Shares
Beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	829,998
Granted (in shares) \| shares	428,865
Vested (in shares) \| shares	(442,498)
Repurchased (in shares) \| shares	0
Forfeitures (in shares) \| shares	(51,667)
Ending balance (in shares) \| shares	764,698
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Beginning balance (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 1.19
Granted (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	1.54
Vested (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	1.20
Repurchased (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	0.00
Forfeitures (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	1.14
Ending balance (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 1.38
Aggregate Value of Unvested Shares
Aggregate value of shares, Beginning balance \| $	$ 988,763
Aggregate value of shares, Granted \| $	660,752
Aggregate value of shares, Vested \| $	(531,853)
Aggregate value of shares, Repurchased \| $	0
Aggregate value of shares, Forfeitures \| $	(58,917)
Aggregate value of shares, Ending balance \| $	$ 1,058,745

Capital Stock and Share-Based Compensation - Summary of Restricted Stock Units (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Number of Unvested Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)	829,998
Granted (in shares)	428,865
Vested (in shares)	(442,498)
Forfeitures (in shares)	(51,667)
Ending balance (in shares)	764,698
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Beginning balance (in usd per share)	$ 1.19
Granted (in usd per share)	1.54
Vested (in usd per share)	1.20
Forfeitures (in usd per share)	1.14
Ending balance (in usd per share)	$ 1.38
Intrinsic value, outstanding	$ 1,058,745	$ 988,763
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) \| Employee Director Compensation Plan
Number of RSUs
Beginning balance (in shares)	393,012
Granted (in shares)	55,747.85
Vested (in shares)	0
Forfeitures (in shares)	0
Converted (in shares)	0
Ending balance (in shares)	448,760
Number of Unvested Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)	0
Granted (in shares)	0
Vested (in shares)	0
Forfeitures (in shares)	0
Converted (in shares)	0
Ending balance (in shares)	0
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Beginning balance (in usd per share)	$ 1.37
Granted (in usd per share)	1.57
Vested (in usd per share)	0.00
Forfeitures (in usd per share)	0.00
Converted (in usd per share)	0.00
Ending balance (in usd per share)	$ 1.39
Intrinsic value, outstanding	$ 758,404	577,728
Intrinsic value, unvested	$ 0	$ 0

Capital Stock and Share-Based Compensation - Equity Transactions (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	13 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	May 31, 2017
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Stockholder's equity beginning balance		$ 35,089,688
Preferred stock beginning balance (in shares)		1,321,514
Common stock beginning balance (in shares)		27,541,277
Treasury stock beginning balance (in shares)		446,827
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		31,953
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)	(50,100)		(205,500)
Preferred stock ending balance (in shares)	1,321,514	1,321,514
Common stock ending balance (in shares)	27,815,060	27,815,060
Treasury stock ending balance (in shares)	587,827	587,827
Stockholder's equity ending balance	$ 49,696,716	$ 49,696,716
Carilion Clinic \| Series A Preferred Stock
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Accrued dividends	$ 1,110,773	$ 1,110,773
Stock dividends for preferred shareholders (in shares)		611,870
Preferred Stock
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Stockholder's equity beginning balance		$ 1,322
Preferred stock beginning balance (in shares)		1,321,514
Exercise of stock options		$ 0
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		0
Share-based compensation		$ 0
Share-based compensation (in shares)		0
Non-cash compensation		$ 0
Non-cash compensation (in shares)		0
Stock dividends to Carilion Clinic		$ 0
Stock dividends to Carilion Clinic (in shares)		0
Forfeitures of restricted stock grants		$ 0
Forfeitures of restricted stock grants (in shares)		0
Repurchase of common stock		$ 0
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)		0
Preferred stock ending balance (in shares)	1,321,514	1,321,514
Stockholder's equity ending balance	$ 1,322	$ 1,322
Common Stock
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Stockholder's equity beginning balance		$ 28,600
Common stock beginning balance (in shares)		27,541,277
Exercise of stock options		$ 32
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		31,953
Share-based compensation		$ 299
Share-based compensation (in shares)		299,000
Non-cash compensation		$ 136
Non-cash compensation (in shares)		135,497
Stock dividends to Carilion Clinic		$ 59
Stock dividends to Carilion Clinic (in shares)		0
Forfeitures of restricted stock grants		$ (52)
Forfeitures of restricted stock grants (in shares)		(51,667)
Repurchase of common stock		$ 0
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)		(141,000)
Common stock ending balance (in shares)	27,815,060	27,815,060
Stockholder's equity ending balance	$ 29,074	$ 29,074
Treasury Stock
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Stockholder's equity beginning balance		$ (517,987)
Treasury stock beginning balance (in shares)		446,827
Exercise of stock options		$ 0
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		0
Share-based compensation		$ 0
Share-based compensation (in shares)		0
Non-cash compensation		$ 0
Non-cash compensation (in shares)		0
Stock dividends to Carilion Clinic		$ 0
Stock dividends to Carilion Clinic (in shares)		0
Forfeitures of restricted stock grants		$ 0
Forfeitures of restricted stock grants (in shares)		0
Repurchase of common stock		$ (228,020)
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)		141,000
Treasury stock ending balance (in shares)	587,827	587,827
Stockholder's equity ending balance	$ (746,007)	$ (746,007)
Additional Paid-in Capital
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Stockholder's equity beginning balance		82,451,958
Exercise of stock options		819
Share-based compensation		476,128
Non-cash compensation		178,035
Stock dividends to Carilion Clinic		97,271
Forfeitures of restricted stock grants		0
Repurchase of common stock		52
Stockholder's equity ending balance	$ 83,204,263	$ 83,204,263

Capital Stock and Share-Based Compensation - Stock Repurchase Program (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	13 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	May 31, 2017	May 31, 2016
Equity [Abstract]
Authorized share repurchase amount	$ 2,000,000.0		$ 2,000,000
Treasury shares repurchased (in shares)	50,100	205,500
Amount of stock repurchased	$ 100,000	$ 200,000

Operating Segments - Additional Information (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Operating Segments - Additional Information (Details)	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($) segment	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($)	Aug. 09, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of operating segments \| segment			2
Revenues \| Government Contracts Concentration Risk \| U.S. Government
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Percentage of total consolidated revenues by customer	45.00%	39.00%	45.00%	42.00%
Revenues \| Geographic Concentration Risk \| Outside of the United States
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Percentage of total consolidated revenues by customer	19.00%	15.00%	20.00%	18.00%
Disposed of by Sale \| High Speed Optical Receivers Business
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sale price	$ 33,500,000		$ 33,500,000		$ 33,500,000
Placed in escrow					$ 4,000,000
Held for Sale
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Assets held for sale						$ 16,310,911
Products and licensing
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation	117,219	$ 300,530	688,700	$ 827,661
Amortization	247,522	486,209	1,178,113	1,526,177
Products and licensing \| Discontinued Operations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation	100,000	200,000	400,000	500,000
Amortization	$ 100,000	$ 400,000	$ 900,000	$ 1,200,000
Products and licensing \| Held for Sale
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Assets held for sale						$ 16,300,000

Operating Segments - Revenues and Operating Income (Loss) for Reportable Segments Not Including Discontinued Operations (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Revenues:
Technology development	$ 4,590,054	$ 4,118,245	$ 13,428,428	$ 11,772,731
Products and licensing	7,052,094	7,066,908	19,593,648	18,301,631
Total revenues	11,642,148	11,185,153	33,022,076	30,074,362
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total operating income (loss)	442,876	(270,701)	(152,081)	(2,953,127)
Technology development
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total operating income (loss)	182,776	139,134	(77,323)	(253,833)
Depreciation	87,389	87,884	267,282	264,549
Amortization	28,935	23,651	95,540	141,490
Products and licensing
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total operating income (loss)	260,100	(409,835)	(74,758)	(2,699,294)
Depreciation	117,219	300,530	688,700	827,661
Amortization	$ 247,522	$ 486,209	$ 1,178,113	$ 1,526,177

Operating Segments - Assets for Reportable Segments (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Total segment assets:
Total assets	$ 66,609,151	$ 54,996,973
Property plant and equipment, and intangible assets	3,145,769	3,482,687
Technology development
Total segment assets:
Total assets	30,738,481	16,923,090
Property plant and equipment, and intangible assets	2,427,556	2,602,803
Products and licensing
Total segment assets:
Total assets	35,870,670	38,073,883
Property plant and equipment, and intangible assets	$ 4,484,498	$ 4,749,144

Contingencies and Guarantees (Details)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
Contingencies and Guarantees (Details)	Apr. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($) purchase_order	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2015 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2014 USD ($)
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of non-cancelable purchase orders executed \| purchase_order		2
Non-cancelable purchase order delivery period		18 months
Tunable Lasers
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Non-cancelable purchase order commitment		$ 1,400,000
Non-cancelable purchase order commitment remaining			$ 300,000
Preliminary Audit Report \| Defense Contract Audit Agency
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Claimed cost, subject to potential penalty				$ 1,100,000	$ 800,000
Litigation settlement, offered, amount	$ 150,000